A very low spike concentration (50 or 200 ng L−1) was used to perform validation tests and since E1-3S was the compound with the weakest signal in this method (Fig. 5), it was acceptable that it presented lower precision during the analysis.
This usually occurs when the latency is already very short, the value depending on the threshold, although it could occur even earlier if the pattern has a zone with low spike density.
This training causes a side effect since, for weight increase, spike-intense patterns require a higher membrane threshold, avoiding the patterns with low spike intensity to be recognized by the network.
In the present analysis (in the second paragraph of the subsection "Low spike count variability"), 3 factors are used to account, one at a time, for spike trains: order of touch, whisker velocity, and whisker curvature.
Reproducibility at low spike level ranged from 0.6 to 0.9 μg/kg and from 8.7 to 14.5 μg/kg at high spike level.
We postulated that anti-HIV-1 antibodies primarily bind monovalently because HIV's low spike density impedes bivalent binding through inter-spike crosslinking, and the spike structure prohibits bivalent binding through intra-spike crosslinking.
The demonstration that intra-spike crosslinking lowers the concentration of antibodies required for neutralization supports the hypothesis that low spike densities facilitate antibody evasion and the use of molecules capable of intra-spike crosslinking for therapy or passive protection.
In contrast, the recruitment of FB inhibition sub-linearly transformed the input rate to spike output rate with high gain and low spike temporal variability, promoting the rate-to-rate code transformation.
The poor performance of the decoder is related to the low spike rate during whisker movements.
Approach 2 – ratio of observed/known concentration ratios between nearest-neighbor spikes versus concentration of low spike in pair.
