First a hole is carefully bored from one end of the polony with a low-speed drill, then an expired IV is connected to keep the vein filled.
The root canals were prepared for post placement removing 11 mm of gutta-percha using a low-speed drill (Largo n°2, Dentsply Maillefer, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).
Using a dissecting microscope (Olympus, Tokyo) and a low-speed drill (World Precision Instrument Inc., USA), a circular cranial window of 3 mm in diameter was created over the left parietal cortex (2 mm posterior to the left coronal suture and 2 mm lateral to the linear temporalis).
After creating a medial parapatellar incision in both legs, each patella was dislocated laterally and a cylindrical defect (diameter, 5 mm; depth, 3 mm) was created on the patellar groove of the femur in both legs by using a biopsy punch (Kai Industries, Seki, Japan) and a low-speed drill (Takagi, Niigata, Japan).
Rats in both model and EA groups were anesthetized with 2% diethyl ether and, after incision of the scalp, a burr hole of 5 mm in diameter was made over the skull at 4 mm posterior coronal suture and 3 mm lateral to the sagittal suture using a low speed dental drill.
Bone overheating was also a problem during surgery, and we managed this by careful and low speed drilling while continuous cold saline was administered on the bone.
A critical-sized bone defect was created by using a 5 mm inner diameter trephine bur (Fine Science Tools, Foster City, CA, USA) under low speed drilling and cool saline irrigation.
Using a low speed dental-style drill and carbide dental burrs, bulk samples were taken parallel to the growth axis of the tooth while serial samples were taken perpendicular to the growth axis.
Set your drill to a low speed and apply modest pressure to the surface.
Drill using a low speed (if your machine has speed control) or in short bursts (if it doesn't).
