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A very large Rgas may cause the membrane dehydration and subsequently a low cell performance.
At a low cell density, the cells cannot survive because of their production of the toxin CcdB.
Meanwhile, a low cell voltage of 1.58 V is achieved by using the heterostructure as both anode and cathode catalysts.
Current techniques that maintain hepatocellular function in vitro with different biomaterials and geometries exhibit a low cell density and functional capacity per unit volume.
At a low cell density, AHL concentration remains low and no CI is produced, leading to a constant production of CheZ and hence a high cell motility.
As expected, the optimum capture efficiency (about 85%) occurred when we used a low cell density (3.2 × 105 Cells mL−1).
However, when using a low cell density inoculation, even the more robust yeast strains did not grow or ferment the sugars well.
PCL has a low cell affinity due to lack of recognition sites for the cells and its hydrophobic nature (Ghasemi-Mobarakeh et al. 2008).
Due to the avascular nature of the chondral surface and the specialised rigid extracellular matrix with a low cell density this tissue rarely regenerates by itself (Mankin 1982).
Results showed high electric efficiency at a low cell potential, and a high current density and high chlorine concentration at a high cell potential and low electrode gap.
Compared with the conventional cell design, the bipolar accumulator design results in a low cell resistance, a low weight and small dimensions.
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