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A longitudinal decrease in concentrations with age was evident for all birth cohorts.
Moreover, a longitudinal decrease in BCd was documented after environmental remediation, and decreased BCd was associated with decreased DBP in women (Staessen et al. 2000).
We found a longitudinal increase in HRV and a longitudinal decrease in LF/HF ratio (i.e., a more predominant vagal tone), both consistent with improved autonomic function, in the meditation group but not in the control group.
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The AQ was also significantly associated with longitudinal decreases in global cognition and function and was able to identify a greater proportion of aMCI individuals with clinically significant change when compared to other established measures.
Higher scores were associated with significant longitudinal decreases in self-assessed health; physical illness was cross-sectionally correlated with SBA scores but not with worsening scores over time.
In contrast, the subgroup of patients with slow or absent clinical disease progression exhibited longitudinal increases in cystatin C concentration, and the subgroup with more typical, continuous clinical deterioration exhibited longitudinal decreases in total cystatin C. Interestingly, slow progressors often exhibited lower initial levels of CSF cystatin C than fast progressors (Table 5).
Fast progressors were defined as patients exhibiting above average rates of ALSFRS decline (median: 0.77 units/month [30]) or MMT decline (mean: drop of 1%/month [29]), and slow progressors were defined as patients exhibiting smaller than average longitudinal decreases in both of these clinical progression measures.
Ferrannini et al. [ 9] demonstrated that deterioration of glucose tolerance over time was associated with longitudinal decreases in both insulin sensitivity and β-cell sensitivity to glucose.
The present study did not find longitudinal changes in myelin in the ALS group but, across the whole white matter skeleton, longitudinal decreases in MWF and increases in IE-water T2 were noted in the PLS group.
Recent studies suggest that the FAQ is a significant predictor of conversion to AD from aMCI [ 13] and has also been associated with longitudinal decreases in glucose metabolism associated with aMCI and AD [ 14].
In a longitudinal study, a large decrease in liver fat induced by lifestyle intervention was paralleled by a decrease in serum fetuin-A levels [ 13].
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