There has been a long-term fall in investment in farming and the things that sustain it, such as irrigation.
SHINZO ABE, Japan's prime minister, returned to power in 2012 promising to reverse a long-term fall in military spending.
Add to this a steady decline in recruitment (fewer ordinands), plus a long-term fall in the numbers of British-born Christians, and Welby's challenge is an unenviable one.
Figures showing a long-term fall in disposable incomes emphasised the difficult task facing the Treasury as it struggles to boost consumer confidence and high street spending, both of which remain weak.
Throw in a housing crisis caused by government's surrender of building and provision to the free market, a long-term fall in wages driven by weakened unions and a "race-to-the-bottom" form of globalisation, and the mantra that the role of national government is limited in a globalised world, and you have an explosive mix of insecurity, atomisation and impotent rage.
Violent crime is continuing a long-term fall in England and Wales, according to annual figures from NHS hospitals.
3Davis, Faberman, and Haltiwanger (2006) show a long-term fall in manufacturing job flows dating back to the early 1960's and Davis et al. (2010a) show annual private-sector job flow rates trending downward from the beginning of their series in 1977.
Violent crime is continuing a long-term fall in England and Wales, according to annual figures from NHS hospitals.Cardiff University looked at data from almost a third of emergency departments, and found a 12% fall in injuries from violent incidents in 2013.It is thought that alcohol becoming less affordable, and a drop in binge drinking, could partly explain the findings.Mark Easton reports.
But Fitzgerald's 2011 analysis is worth keeping in mind when considering Hogan-Howe's assertion that targeted stop-and-search had contributed to the long term fall in knife crime that preceded the recent rise.
The Office for National Statistics ONSsaidaid the publication of an official estimate of fraud and cybercrime alongside the crime survey of England and Wales follows growing concern that the rise in cybercrime "makes up" for the long-term fall in crime from a peak of 19m offences in 1995 to 6.5m offences by June.
The study says the police figures may overstate the actual long-term fall in crime, especially since 2006-07.
