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For better visualization spectra (50 - 300 K) have been shifted vertically with a linear offset.
This suggests a linear offset in the electron density on the phenoxyl oxygens will occur in a gallate moiety upon oxidation of the hydroquinone to a semiquinone radical, parallel to that seen upon the one-electron oxidation of para-hydrobenzoquinones [15].
To correct for potential background fluorescence, a linear offset gradient based on the mean of the first 50 (POm) or 100 (VPM) and the last 100 bins was subtracted from the histograms.
The key finding of the study, however, was not that directionality introduced a linear offset in performance, but that microphone directionality introduced an interaction with target angle: performance was better for small target angles and worse for large target angles across a range of metrics.
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The spectral range was truncated to 1800 to 800 cm−1 and any linear offset was removed by zeroing the absorption at 1800 cm−1800
They were digitally edited using SoundEdit to be exactly 1 s, with a natural onset and a 10-ms linear offset.
The responsivity function for every different triplication has a slightly different linear slope and linear offset.
Simplest way to increase accuracy of (5) is to add experimentally determined linear correction factors V ( t ) = k ρ L 2 g b ( t ) + V c (7). where, k is an empirical slope correction factor, and V c is the linear offset empirical correction factor.
Simultaneous identification of the rotary axes' linear offset with the setup errors is proposed to improve the parameter estimation and volumetric distortion prediction.
A raw RMSE of 0.028 m3/m3 was achieved, and with a linear gain and offset applied at each ECONet site, an RMSE of 0.013 m3/m3 was possible.
The clock of the reference station is not estimated while the clock for the second station is estimated by a second-order polynomial with a quadratic, a linear, and an offset term.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com