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Given a training data set of unphased genotypes and their corresponding phased HLA alleles, they used a likelihood method to compute probabilities associated with all possible pairs of HLA alleles and their particular haplotypes.
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Yao et al. [ 3] developed a maximum likelihood method to prune a rough gene regulatory network based on microarray data.
In this paper we described a maximum likelihood method to infer the parameters of a stochastic kinetic model directly from observations.
To reduce the possible bias in the tree prediction and to apply an explicit model of evolution, we used a maximum likelihood method to predict the tree topology of the protein trees.
In this analysis, we used a maximum likelihood method to reconstruct the evolution of 2,961 introns in a dataset of 76 ribosomal protein genes from 22 eukaryotes and validated the results by a maximum parsimony method.
Models, each of which includes a different number of parameters and is a special case of models including more parameters, are fitted by a maximum likelihood method to each of the 1-PAM amino acid substitution frequency matrices, JTT [5], WAG [10], and LG [11] for proteins encoded in nuclear DNA, cpREV [8] for chloroplast DNA, and mtREV [6] for mitochondrial DNA.
Because we expected that only a fraction of the annotations would contribute to predicting association, we employed a penalized likelihood method to reduce the impact of non informative predictors and evaluated the model's ability to predict GC SNPs not used to construct the model.
We used a maximum likelihood method to identify specific amino acid residues that are under positive selection (with a nonsynonymous/synonymous rate ratio higher than one, ω = dN/dS >1) [29].
Therefore, we developed a maximum likelihood method to jointly estimate the GC frequency and tract length.
Whelan and Goldman [ 10] proposed a maximum likelihood method to estimate the WAG model from 182 globular protein families.
To study in more detail the gene dynamics across the genus, we applied a full likelihood method to study Mycobacterium genome evolution.
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