However, these methods are time-consuming or require expensive equipment, skilled operators, often require a large volume of sample and cannot be used for real-time measurements.
The immobilized DMC is a promising tool for sequestrating such emerging pollutant at low concentrations in a large volume of sample that would allow the characterization of concentrated Ag NPs by transmission electron microscopy.
However, we found the conventional Stern Volmer Equation is applicable only for large systems such as a fluorescent microscope with a large volume of sample and dye solution; and it is not valid for portable devices using a small photo detector and a small volume of sample and dye solution.
These were outlined by SooHoo and Walker: (1) a large volume of sample is required, (2) separation can take up to 20 min, (3) multiple separations may be required, and (4) continuous processing is difficult [ 20].
A future study including a larger volume of samples is required to further determine the role of promoter methylation in the RFC transcription regulation.
However, loading a larger volume of sample (8 μL), LODs could be decreased down to 2 pg mL−1 (2.2 3.5 pM).
Although an increase in laser power can lead to the excitation of a larger volume of sample, and consequently higher optical signal, it may also result in higher noise, thus compromising the overall signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
As part of quality control, we also generated a 'fly standard', consisting of a large volume of identical sample taken from 350 flies, which was run alongside samples daily to evaluate reproducibility.
The recycle separation involves injecting a large volume of the sample through a trap column, releasing the absorbed sample for preparative HPLC separation, and then capturing the target component in the same trap column for the next separation.
Samples should be collected from anatomic sites that are likely to contain a high concentration of bacteria, and inoculation of a large volume of tissue sample is preferable.
