We assume that the channel experiences a large-scale path loss, which is proportional to d α, where d is the propagation distance and α=3.5 is the path loss factor.
We consider a channel model with small scale fading and large scale path loss for a practical scenario.
m r x,t x is the large scale path loss from a transmitter to its receiver and β is constant.
Then, we formulate the following expression to describe the large scale path loss from a transmitter to its receiver and it is the dB model of m r x,t x [21]: begin{aligned} {M_{rx,tx}}[text{dB}] &= 10*alpha log (4pi d) + 10*alpha log (f) &- 20log ({l_{T}}*{l_{R}}), end{aligned} (2).
where F12 captures the small scale fading which obeys a Rayleigh fading model and l(∥x1−x2∥)=∥x1−x2∥−α characterizes the effect of large scale path loss with path loss exponent α.
Since we consider the spatial location distribution of SCs, so the large scale path loss is applied.
The model of the channel propagation is made up of two main factors, i.e., large scale path loss and small scale multi-path fading.
In particular, we consider the large scale path loss and the shadow fading effect in our channel models (details are presented in Section 1).
In particular, we investigate the effective transmission range of directional antennas with consideration of various channel conditions, such as the large scale path loss and the shadow fading effect.
Before the opening of MAXXI, in Rome, the cultural traveller interested in experiencing Hadid's architecture on a large scale had to leave the beaten path.
In the short run, a thriving economy is a prerequisite to having the resources to deploy renewable energy technology on a large scale (for those who prefer this path) or to intensify research, development and demonstration of new technologies and invest in education to build the capacity of future generations to be resilient and creative and caring (my preference).
