Among the spatial factors underlining the spatial ability, mental rotation was the one in which large gender difference was constantly observed.
Using the combined raw data of correct answers, wrong answers and abstentions from a sample of the top 15 TFA exams showing large gender differences, it was calculated that there is a 3% difference in abstaining between males and females (females abstaining more than males, p <.002) and a corresponding 3% difference in correct answers between males and females (males greater than females, p <.008).
A more recent study in Novosibirsk confirmed the large gender differences in drinking in Russia: 30% of Russian men, compared with only 1% of women, reported binge drinking at least once a month (Bobak et al., 2004).
In this large-scale survey of US college STEM students, the authors found little evidence of large gender differences.
There were highly-disabled minorities, and large gender differences, males losing more paid workdays, females more household workdays.
Table 3 also shows large gender differences for the poor, where remittances generally benefit boys more than girls.
Results can be discussed with regard to the influence of the stimulus characteristics of Shepard and Metzler's cube figures on the large gender differences in tests in which these figures are used.
Parallel to other RIASEC instruments (Su et al. 2009), large gender differences were demonstrated with men scoring higher on realistic and enterprising interests, and women scoring higher on the artistic and social types.
Here again we observed large gender differences but, with small numbers, only the difference in household work was significant: males (n = 6) lost 36.3 ± 43.6 days from paid work and 3.0 ± 7.3 days from household work, females (n = 15) lost 12.1 ± 24.4 (p = 0.246) and 19.0 ± 26.4 (p = 0.0482) respectively.
These numbers disguised large gender differences associated with working practices in Ethiopia: males with migraine lost 4.9 ± 7.0 days from paid work and 2.2 ± 6.1 days from household work, females 1.9 ± 5.0 (p < 0.0001; t-test, 2-sided) and 6.1 ± 8.9 (p < 0.0001) respectively.
