The incorporation of a lag interval also did not alter our main findings or their substantive interpretation.
Third, we incorporated a lag interval of three months for analysis to examine whether there was an association between a state's unemployment rate and subsequent rates of drug utilization.
Seven different PM2.5 moving averages were generated for lagged intervals ranging from 5 min to 4 hr using the calibrated 5-min average real-time PM2.5 concentrations.
The 30-min and 2-hr moving averages were chosen as the main exposure metrics because PM2.5 effects on HRV were mainly observed for these two lagged intervals.
Exposure metrics examined included same-day average and peak SO2 exposures, as well as lagged intervals extending from 1 to 4 days before the case or control event.
Thus, high ozone concentrations in stations located in central parts of cities, such as in this case, may reflect low levels of local traffic pollutants or good dispersion conditions, which can lead to negative associations with health indicators, at least in the short-run, whereas it is common for stronger associations with ozone to be subsequently observed at lagged intervals.
In order to deliver chips unpredictably [ 27] with an average of 1 chip per minute, intervals between chips were obtained from a lagged exponential distribution with a mean interval of 45 sec (maximum 120 sec) plus a 15 sec lag to allow time for consumption of each chocolate chip.
The proposed algorithm utilizes bIPDA multi-tracks in each fIPDA path track for fusing through data association to obtain the smoothing innovation in a fixed-lag interval.
It is worthwhile to mention that the cyclic algorithms proposed in [13] can design unimodular sequences that have virtually zero autocorrelation sidelobes in a specified lag interval and long sequences.
The humidity level 2 weeks before disease onset was more modestly associated with the number of cases (HR 1.03 per 1% increase in humidity, 95% CI 1.00 –1.05; p = 0.04), but this value did not have an independent association beyond that of rainfall in multivariable analysis; rainfall and humidity shared a positive correlation at a 1-week lag interval (R = 0.45; p<0.001).
To improve memory during training, participants started at a level where recollecting the first presentation of a repeated word was relatively easy (i.e., only one intervening item between the 1st and 2nd presentation of a repeated word), and underwent an increase in lag interval length each time they reached a criterion level of accuracy [ 19, 20].
