The human's task was to "think like a machine" and determine which label was generated for each image.
It is the average number of times across all labellers with which a sense set (label) is generated for a sound.
Stock solutions of DNA containing either a 5′ or 3′ P end label were generated by incubation of a DNA strand with [γP]ATP (PerkinElmer) and T4 polynucleotide kinase (New England Biolabs) or [αP]ATP (PerkinElmer) and terminal transferase (New England Biolabs), respectively.
The label is generated by Nauty program [ 24] and the corresponding shape is shown in Figure 1.
A centralised randomisation schedule for packaging and labelling was generated and held by a third-party service (Cardinal Systems, Paris, France), and was implemented using an interactive voice response system.
The intron specific probe for DIG-DNA labeling was generated by PCR using pMTL007 as a template and primers 153-Intron-Probe1 153-Intron-Probe1 153-Intron-Probe1
The correlation (Figure 5) between top score and label number is about −0.7, which means in general, the more people agree on a concept, the fewer labels are generated.
This result shows that whenever inputs are i.i.d. it is possible to solve any binary classification problem using a finite VC-dimension hypothesis space with a sub-linear regret independently from the way labels are generated (either stochastic or adversarial).
2-million feature vectors (1 million with positive labels and 1 million with negative labels) are generated from 2-million machine-labeled sentences, known as the complete set.
For example, "made of cloth," "made of material," and "made of fabric" have been collapsed into a single feature (made of fabric_cloth_material), because these feature labels were generated by nonoverlapping sets of participants, indicating that participants had the same semantic feature in mind but used different labels to verbalize it.
Finally SMARTS and labels are generated for each of the atoms in the reactive center, with the described atom listed first.
