The stem and taper are made of titanium, aluminum, and vanadium alloy (TiAlVa) and lateralized stems have an increased taper and trunnion length.
There was a trend towards increasing taper damage and increasing head offset (Table IV).
However, the adhesion at the unloading period decreased with increasing taper angle.
Likewise, 2D conical waveguides are expected to lose more power with increasing taper slope.
The additional growing space provided through wider initial spacing or thinning (growing stock level trials) allows residual trees to maintain rapid diameter growth, thus increasing taper.
Increased taper angle and a broad spline geometry exhibited significantly greater axial stability (+ 21%269%%) than other design combinations.
While the correlations suggest that thinning regimes that cause rapid diameter growth and increased taper may be susceptible to a reduction in overall stiffness, there was no evidence, as determined by ANOVA, to suggest that thinning reduces stiffness.
Weiskittel et al. (2006) found a reduction of almost 5% in volume due to increased taper in trees from thinned stands of Douglas-fir in contrast to trees of similar diameter and height in un-thinned stands.
The pace at which it increases tapers off though.
Increased thinning intensity has been found to increase taper in trees and hence reduce yields.
