A highly significant population-level correlation was found between deduced alleles at the underlying polymorphism and survival of offspring groups in the fry challenge test, parents with the three deduced genotypes (QQ, Qq, qq) having mean offspring mortality rates of 0.13, 0.32, and 0.49, respectively.
Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance indicated highly significant population structuring in D. arizonensis (overall ΦST = 0.860; P < 0.0001), with 80% of the genetic variation distributed among the two clades.
Global F-statistics indicate that there is highly significant population differentiation between populations at all microsatellite loci.
Accordingly, there is highly significant population divergence between the subspecies (KST = 0.665, p < 0.001, Table 2).
For example, at K = 9 the majority of variation (94.32%) is among groups, although 0.03% of variation at the level of among populations within groups still represents highly significant population structuring in the remaining population groups (P < 0.001).
Here we demonstrate that a RAD-derived SNP (RAD_HT_01) and a previously published SNP (SSA0139ECIG [ 7]) show highly significant population-level association with IPN mortality, implying strong LD between these SNPs and the QTL in the Landcatch Natural Selection broodstock population.
The interaction term (shell size by population) was not significant (p = 0.24), and there was a highly significant effect of population on size-adjusted crushing resistance (F = 6.3, df = 18, 467, p < 0.001).
The number of left- and right-positioned calves in individually non-identified pairs simultaneously present in the observation area has shown a highly significant right-side population bias in two successive years (Fig. 1B).
As anticipated, total population is a highly significant predictor, and the product of population and average daily mixing height is also significant at the p < 0.05 level (Table 3).
Head circumference (F = 24.2, p < 0.0001) exhibited a highly significant variation in the population of exposed girls as did weight (F = 3.85; p = 0.002), BMI (F = 3.72; p = 0.003), and upper arm circumference (F = 2.39; p = 0.04).
The AMOVA revealed a highly significant overall divergence among populations (FST=0.572, p<0.001), such that 57% of the mtDNA variation was apportioned to divergence among populations.
