The mammary gland displays a high level of developmental plasticity, able to undergo repeated cycles of growth, differentiation, and regression, coordinated by the reproductive state [ 11].
In addition to their morphological simplicity they have a high level of developmental plasticity that equips them for shape transformation, regeneration and asexual proliferation during their life cycle.
The index calculated from the pooled samples indicated a high level of developmental synchronisation: on average, 0.92 ± 0.02 of the individuals in a gall was belonged within the same single instar.
Because swarming is a communal activity expressed at a high level of developmental organization, it may have arisen relatively late in animal and plant phylogenies and display features of convergent evolution in order to promote the well-being and survival of both individual organisms and the functional, or societal, group of which the individuals are a part.
The initial assumption was that business owners, who employ others for labour, are at the top of society in terms of income, should be more likely to pursue developmental-oriented consumption and thus show a high level of developmental-oriented MPC.
It has a lower level of expression at the early developmental stage, but a higher level of expression at the late developmental stage, which results in rice plants carrying Xa3/Xa26 being susceptible to some Xoo strains at the seedling stage but showing enhanced resistance to the same Xoo strains at the adult stages [ 12].
This pattern is also compatible with two previously proposed models of evolution of gene expression, the funnel and the hourglass model, which both predict a higher level of expression divergence at later developmental stages [ 43].
The study of the developmental basis for phenotypic variability addresses a higher level of abstraction in that it deals with the tendency of developmental systems to change, amplify, or reduce the expression of genetic variation at the phenotypic level.
The LIFE-P participants reported a higher level of attained education compared to the LLD developmental sample.
Together, these data suggest that partial loss of LIN-12/Notch signaling activity spares vulval morphogenesis but specifically impairs vm2 specification and muscle arm development, and that muscle arm development might require a higher level of LIN-12/Notch signaling activity compared with earlier developmental events (see 'Discussion').
