At midspan, Specimen A-I developed a higher deflection than type B specimens under the same load.
The proximal bone fragment in indirect loading covered the whole defect size of 3.5 mm, thereby resulting in a higher deflection of the proximal wires compared to direct loading.
A more uniform temperature distribution along the actuator length is achieved, allowing for a larger overall thermal expansion and therefore also a higher deflection at the same maximum temperature.
As expected, the magnetic-attracted objects present a higher deflection angle (ferromagnetic declared projectiles: mean 84.2°; range 78 88°; 62° for the paramagnetic bullet) from the vertical axis than those with an absence of strong magnetic attraction (mean 0°).
Tensile preloading was found to reduce the extent of delaminations, while compressive preload led to an increased extent of delaminations resulting from a higher bending deflection of the plate under impact.
The test and analytical results established the feasibility of attaining a type of ECC composite material with high deflection capacity, multi-cracking behaviour and small crack width (0.05 mm), which is suitable for the application of link slab in bridge deck system.
It has a high heat deflection temperature.
Steel corrosion may also cause the occurrence of high deflection or instability of the structure itself.
The NSM-GFRP strengthened beam, however, showed good ductile behavior with high deflection values at ultimate load.
