These are measured using test pieces with a high crack tip constraint.
This effect would be significant for a high crack density and especially for high wavenumbers, even if the sampling criterion (Section 2) is satisfied.
In cementitious materials the stiffness generally develops faster in comparison to the strength and, thus, a high crack risk occurs at early-stages.
Due to its microstructure, silicon nitride has a high crack and thermal shock resistance.
However, when the crack density was higher than 0.028, which is regarded as a high crack-density interval, the cracks propagated and coalesced in a direction parallel to that of the maximum principal stress.
It was shown that the use of RCA significantly reduced the cracking risk of concrete from "high" to "moderate-high" when incorporated into a high cracking risk mixture.
These significantly overestimated the fatigue life, indicating a high crack growth acceleration due to the load transitions in the variable amplitude fatigue spectrum.
Moreover, the crack pattern, which features a high crack number and reduced crack spacing, was achieved with the increase of the number of textile layers and the volume content of chopped steel fibers.
The CF deposits were observed to present an elongated columnar grain structure free of cracks, whereas the PF coatings were observed to have an equiaxial structure with a high crack density.
A higher crack density was found in the AI composite than the MLL composite.
