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the noise is a harmful factor for single species in general, such as (alpha_{1}) for x, (alpha_{2}) for y and (alpha_{3}) for z; in the complex ecological relationship, the noise may also have a positive effect on the coexistence of species, such as (alpha_{1}), (alpha_{2}) on z and (alpha_{3}) on x, y.
Based on the analysis above, we may draw two conclusions: the noise is a harmful factor for single species in general, such as (alpha_{1}) for x, (alpha_{2}) for y and (alpha_{3}) for z; in the complex ecological relationship, the noise may also have a positive effect on the coexistence of species, such as (alpha_{1}), (alpha_{2}) on z and (alpha_{3}) on x, y.
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The interference is always considered as a most harmful factor for wireless transmission.
Thus, after adjusting for social, economic and cultural factors as well as for the age of mothers at childbirth and certain characteristics of the infants, when parents were separated, we observed a significant increase in the presence of harmful factors for the health of infants compared with situations in which the parental couple remained together.
Overweight/obesity and hypertriglyceridemia were also identified as two of the contributing factors of GLS in our study, while other studies reported that obesity and metabolic syndrome were harmful factors for LV subclinical systolic and diastolic functioning [ 40- 44].
Whether IgA isotype was a harmful prognostic factor for progression of SMM to active MM was unclear.
Orthodontic treatment has been variously cited both as a protective and harmful factor in TMD etiology.
Once again, we must outline that treatments with vitamins should be prescribed with caution because unwarranted supplementation with amounts of vitamins largely above their usual Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) can be a causative factor for harmful effects.
§Observed mean national consumption levels in the top (for protective factors) or bottom (for harmful factors) three countries as identified in our global data sources.
Test systems with whole animals provide the best prospects for identifying harmful factors quickly, but currently available methods used for testing agrochemicals and drugs need a thorough overhaul before they can provide a role model.
The Gateway hypothesis states that there is a causal sequence through classes of drugs, whereby the use of "less harmful" substances is a risk factor for using "harder drugs".
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com