Adsorption enhancement in the presence of Mn was likely due to a greater diffusion drive for mass transfer to the adsorbent surface (Ho and Mckay 2004).
Ultrasound induces a greater diffusion of solvent into cellular materials, thus improving mass transfer and also disrupts cell walls, thus facilitating the release of bioactive components.
Onset of bubble formation and bubble scavenging was clearly marked by a less steep refractive index profile over a greater diffusion layer thickness.
Since R ct of the CE affects the FF and PCE of DSSCs in a negative way [41, 42, 43], indicating the improved electrocatalytic activity for redox electrolyte and high electron transfer kinetics, it will lead to a greater diffusion of the iodide/triiodide (I−/I3 −) from the bulk solution to the electrode surface.
We expect that these characters are contributed by two parts: (1) the cavity increases the width of the nanochannel so that the oil molecules have a greater diffusion coefficient according to the above discussion, which facilitates the transportation of oil; (2) the oil molecules in cavity can suppress the transportation of oil molecules nearby and therefore decrease the oil transportation speed.
All these factors could contribute to a greater diffusion of drug within the mammary gland in alive sheep.
For this patient, switching to a botulinum toxin type B (BTX-B) preparation was not considered because the data show that BTX-B has a greater diffusion potential 13 and a highly-acidic pH, 12 and therefore is associated with more side effects.
The choice of comparing PAI and PEI at different dosages (100 μl for PAI and 300 μl for PEI) also depends on the fact that acetic acid has a greater diffusion through tumoral tissue than ethanol, and, therefore, a smaller quantity is needed to kill tumor cells [ 20].
We also assume that x 1 ( 0 ) = 0.5, x 2 ( 0 ) = 0.3, x 1 ∗ = 1, a = 3, b = 1, c = 1, d = 0.4, that is to say, there is a relatively great diffusion rate between these two patches; the time-series of x 1 ( t ) and x 2 ( t ) and the phase portrait of system (2.1) can be seen in Figure 3.
Open image in new window Fig. 5 Mass trend of three great diffusion vehicles.
