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For the various control perimeters, that is, for different values of a and ratio a/d the following theoretical analysis was done, according to Halvonik et al. (2016): the reduced punching shear force VEd,red (a) of various control perimeters was calculated, and as a governing value was adopted the minimum value of VEd,red (a).
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This instrumentalisation of humanity could only be reversed, Marcuse maintained, by challenging the social processes which had led the governing value system to change from pleasure, joy, play and receptiveness to delayed satisfaction, the restraint of pleasure, work, productiveness and security.
His energetic dissent is, in some ways, a restatement of their governing values.
3 Assess next options as 'reflection within the action-present'; select an available single-loop action as alternative (norms and governing values remain unchanged) or to design a new action.
One is the double-loop action and adapts the norms within the boundaries of governing values, so as to design a new solution and experiment and test this on the spot.
However, as our discussion of reflective practices and professional artistry shows, a new theory-in-use can emerge that specifies double-loop norms and governing values on which most people agree when they are made explicit; examples are valid information, free and informed choice and internal commitment to the choices made (Argyris and Schön 1974: 87).
This may lead to varying the norms or even existing governing values.
5 Test the action and gather data to validate; norms and governing values are adapted.
This implies that new governing values may emerge, because the existing ones are rejected.
Theories-in-use often represent the single-loop norms and governing values on which everybody unconsciously agrees.
The other option is to cross boundaries and, apart from changing the norms, also redesign governing values, which means the entire action process changes.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com