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There are inherent difficulties associated with climate change negotiations, ranging from which countries should bear most responsibility for a given emission reduction target to the assessment of a globally efficient time path for pricing harmful greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs).
The Pareto-frontier obtained as the global solution of the optimization problem delivers the minimal CO2 emission rates, achievable with the technology considered for a given accepted investment, or respectively the minimal cost associated with a given emission abatement commitment.
From a theoretical point of view [39], the relation between XRF intensity of a given emission line and the element weight concentration in the specimen can be calculated as follows.
To quantify the robustness to spectral regrowth of each candidate, we measure the maximum OBO (OBOSR max) of the PA such that the spectrum of the amplified signal is still contained in a given emission mask.
For temporal variations of the parameter f in the course of a given emission scenario, [13] demonstrated a monotonic increase of f during the long-term integration of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory coupled model.
However, the real advantage of using two-photon excitation spectra for unmixing, rather than emission spectra, is that for a given emission channel, there is very little variation in the attenuation of excitation light scanning from 710 920 nm light.
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By doing so, we treat each AOGCM simulation for a given emissions scenario as a unique and probable experimental outcome and average the results, thereby elucidating a more robust set of potential climate outcomes.
Using this method, the simulated annual accumulation of DHM for a given year in a given emissions scenario is equal to the maximum four-month accumulation of simulated SST (model anomaly plus satellite climatology) in excess of the maximum monthly mean from the 1985–2000 satellite climatology [13].
The size of the projected future MCE in each region was compared to the size of the current MCE for each AOGCM simulation, and the average and 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 95 percentiles of the projected percent change for all simulations in a given emissions scenario were calculated.
It is possible that regional climate projections for a given emissions scenario could soon become routine.
Many General Circulation Models (GCMs) are used to predict climate change for given emission scenarios.
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