For deterministic fractional-order chaotic system, a simple and general controller is designed to achieve track control.
In general, controller is designed with respect to one time scale.
In addition, the designed controllers can improve the hydrogen efficiency by up-to 1.4%, and reduce the root-mean-square error of the PEMFC voltage by about 93%; that is, a general controller can be implemented on all PEMFC modules on the production line for industrial applications.
In general, controllers are embedded into the controlled device.
In the strategy, some separate general controllers are designed for all general actuators, and then some special controllers are used to real-time track the electromagnetic forces of all general actuators, and accordingly they create control signal for the redundant actuators to counteract the interactions among general actuators and redundant actuators.
According to the practical situation of the flexible spacecraft, we should design an appropriate L such that e ( t ) → 0. In the DOBC scheme, a general controller including time delay is constructed as u ( t − d ( t ) ) = − w ˆ 2 ( t ) + K x ( t − d ( t ) ), (6).
Additionally, as insulin/insulin growth factor receptor is a general controller of cell size, presumably as the result of MAPK dependent control of the overall rate of translation [ 45], our observation that functional MAPK is required to produce protein the degradation observed in response to knockdown of most kinases suggests that our observations may be not specific to muscle.
The aim of this section is to present generalized combination complex synchronization and design a general controller.
In order to obtain general results, an effective controller is designed, a fractional inequality and the comparison principle of linear fractional equation with delay are implemented, and some sufficient conditions are given to ensure that the master slave systems are able to obtain projective synchronization.
