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(a) Gender, (b) age range, and (c) nationality.
Figure 1 Comparison of age (a), gender (b) and occupation (c) among the 1192 respondents and all university hospital employees (in %).
Four covariates were included in the GEE models: (A) gender, (B) school-level socioeconomic status, (C) country of birth (Ireland vs elsewhere) and (D) personal tobacco use (current smoker, ever smoker, non-smoker).
# age (A), gender (B: M = male, F = female), place of habitation (C: U = urban, R = rural), and residence (D: A = apartment, H = house), education level (E: 1-elementary school, 2-high school, 3- college or university), dog keeping (F: 0 = not, 1 = yes), cat keeping (G: 0 = not, 1 = yes).
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Both unadjusted (crude) analyses, as well as separate analyses adjusting for A) gender and age, B) income, education and BMI, C) parent-reported behavioural problems, and D) child-reported behavioural problems were conducted.
The inclusion criteria for the youth were (a) male gender; (b) between ages of 11 and 14; and (c) able to speak, read, and write English.
From a total of 17 evaluated factors in our univariate analysis, 7 factors had a significant positive effect (P < 0.05) in the development of SWI: (a) sex (female gender), (b) preoperative hypertension, (c) high functional class, (d) prolonged intubation time (more than 48 h), (e) diabetes mellitus, (f) re-exploration for bleeding and (g) obesity.
a Not adjusted for gender; b Not adjusted for age; c Not adjusted for ever married; d Not adjusted for age at sexual debut; e Not adjusted for RHG health education.
More specifically, Japan is something of an outlier with a (partial) regression coefficient for Gender (b = 2.40) that is considerably higher than that for the Netherlands (ranked second, b = 1.88) and for South Korea (ranked third, b = 1.72).
Associations between severity of symptoms at T1 and socio-demographics and type of treatment are presented in Table 4. a reference category = male gender; b reference category = high education level All values are corrected for clustering within practices and GPs.
a reference category = male gender; b reference category = high education level; c reference category = less than modal (< 2400 euro per month); d reference category = comorbidity of both anxiety and depressive disorders.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com