We observed rising-tone chorus wave elements with a gap at half the electron cyclotron frequency.
On the other hand, we did not find a gap at half the gyrofrequency in both Elements 1 and 2, which is evident in the observation.
We compared the reproduced spectra of chorus with the observation result by the Cluster spacecraft (Santolik et al. 2003; Santolik 2008) and found similarities between them, except for a gap at half the gyrofrequency.
This difference implies that the mechanism of a gap at half the gyrofrequency is governed by the process that is not described by the spatially one-dimensional simulation treating purely parallel propagating electromagnetic waves.
But it was the Bulls who struck first when stand-in full-back Jarrod Sammut's clever step and late offload created a gap for half-back Gale to race clear and score underneath the posts.
During that time a gap of around half a percentage point opened up between the two.
Australia led from the gun, with Alexander Edmondson, Jack Bobridge, Michael Hepburn and Sam Wellsford opening a gap of over half a second by halfway, but with eight laps of Siberian pine to negotiate, the eventual winners began to reel them in.
There is a gap of about half a second between the stimulus - seeing the bear in the forest - and becoming conscious of the emotion - fear - and by the time we are conscious of what is happening we would naturally have run several metres away from the bear.
