This article, based on empirical work by the authors over the past decade, argues that city planners and policy-makers lack an effective future-oriented approach enabling them to comprehend current complexity, anticipate impending change and shape a preferred future condition.
Other factors include demonstrated success or a unique, current and future-oriented approach that stands out.
Nevertheless, I am now told by wealth-tax proponents that my conservative, future-oriented approach should be "rewarded" with an additional tax running to tens of thousands of dollars annually.
In our future-oriented approach, the temporal scale for the societal transition is of great importance.
The operation of the company is permeated by the personal commitment and future-oriented approach ("for life") of the strategy-maker owners.
In addition to exploiting the communitarian culture and intelligence, ordinarily unattainable by empirical methods, future-oriented approach is reciprocal: advancing the societal understanding of the possible and probable to picture the desirable.
In 2005, the World Conference on Disaster Reduction (WCDR) (UNISDR 2005) adopted the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005 2015 (HFA), which calls for multidisciplinary and future-oriented approaches to DRR when considering climate change.
Following a few authors [7, 37] who have tried to overcome this problem, it is here proposed to use the "functions of innovation systems" approach [38] for a future-oriented analysis of innovation diplomacy.
Our approach contributes to rectifying the above deficiencies by presenting a future-oriented method, which we call participatory and prospective value network analysis.
Additionally, the creation of scenarios presents an interdisciplinary approach to explore future issues while offering several advantages, e.g. the support of a future-oriented way of thinking by taking alternative developments into consideration [ 9– 11].
