It would be interesting to see, in conditions where the phages are allowed to evolve with their hosts, if a more modular network arises with further specialisation of the phages to maintain a kill-the-winner dynamic and less broad range infectivity [ 39].
Further specialisation has evolved in a smaller number (<50%) of woody angiosperms [ 3] where gelatinous fibres (g-fibres) can form on the TW side of secondary xylem, in a stem displaced from vertical, in order to return the apical meristem to vertical and increase the mechanical strength of the stem.
But specialisation is a depletive source of diversification and would run out of variation to act upon – preventing further specialisation – and would then run into a dead end [5].
That is, expansions in diet breadth and geographic range are the source of new variation that allows further specialisation and speciation, and hence may be an important process behind the diversification of plant-feeding insects.
That might lead to further specialisation in natural resources.
If IT systems really allow companies to become more modular and flexible, this should foster further specialisation.
Further specialisation, such as urologic, orthopaedic or cardiothoracic surgery, is termed as super specialty.
Further specialisation will increase the number of cases seen and the number of procedures performed, leading to relatively more practice in routine cases than in the rare and complex cases for which expert thinking and action are required.
Frugivore phyllostomid species are known to largely occur in sympatry [ 10, 15], possibly due to further specialisation, such as the dichotomy between ground-story frugivores and fig-feeders [ 15], or the recently discovered granivory [ 6] associated with functional and morphological specialisations [ 58].
The emergence of cancer site-specific multidisciplinary core and extended teams has seen a greater specialisation for many palliative care clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) and a further involvement in joint clinic activity for medical members of the team.
