These epithelial structures morphologically resemble a fully differentiated skin and express the entire battery of differentiation markers from basal-specific K5 and K14, early differentiation K1 and K10 to terminal differentiation filaggrin.
We show that iPSCs can be differentiated into functional keratinocytes capable of regenerating a fully differentiated epidermis, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands in an in vivo environment.
Rather, the depolarized cells started the differentiation process but were restricted from reaching a fully differentiated phenotype, due to instructive signals provided by the changes in Vmem.
After induction, cells were returned to differentiation medium, and at day 8 exhibited a fully differentiated phenotype with massive accumulation of multilocular fat droplets.
Subsequently, the cells were maintained in the differentiation medium for 5 days until exhibiting a fully differentiated phenotype with massive accumulation of fat droplets.
GCPs undergo differentiation during the first week in culture and a fully differentiated state is reached by 7 days in vitro (DIV).
Myogenin, a transcription factor which plays a unique function in the transition from a determined myoblast to a fully differentiated myotube [31], [32], was rapidly induced in early stages of differentiation.
Since SARS-CoV cannot infect or replicate in a fully differentiated cell, it is indeed essential for the virus to control the differentiation stages in an infected BASC cells so that they do not reach a fully differentiated state until the virus has undergone successful transmission and replication within this primary site of infection.
After this period, cells were maintained in culture to differentiate for 5 and 15 days, representing a partially and a fully differentiated enterocytic phenotype, respectively.
Importantly, corneal stromal SLATEs were capable of constituting tissues with a higher-order complexity, either by creating thicker tissues through stacking or by serving as substrate to support a fully-differentiated, stratified corneal epithelium.
Tissues incorporating either iPDK or EDK cells in the stromal compartment showed a similar degree of epithelial morphogenesis on their surface that included a fully-differentiated epithelium demonstrating a distinct basal layer and a multi-layer tissue showing skin-like architecture (Figure 5D,G,J,M).
