This effect was largely overcome at a higher concentration of collagen (10 μg/mL), which induced almost full aggregation and marked ATP secretion.
Overall, these data suggest that 9-tricosene under certain conditions can function as an aggregation pheromone, although additional pheromone components may contribute to the full aggregation phenotype.
This suggests that other (likely olfactory) components may modulate the full aggregation phenotype, but that 9-tricosene can function as an aggregation molecule.
Bulk phase simulations with model asphaltenes with different functional groups revealed that several particular structural attributes are effective for maintaining asphaltene dispersity while preventing full aggregation.
CRP was then added to the plate to give 10 μg/mL final concentration (sufficient to stimulate full aggregation).
The Gi-coupled ADP receptor P2Y12 (Fig. 1b) is responsible for the sustained, full aggregation response to ADP.
Although III-01a-XL induced full aggregation of human platelets, the rate of aggregation was lower than for the other peptides, indicating less potent activation.
First, full aggregation (Afull aggregation) or full dispersion (Afull dispersion) was achieved under illumination at 380 (13.88 log photons cm−2 s−1) or 500 nm (13.92 log photons cm−2 s−1) for 1.5 minutes, followed by 5-min darkness.
For each measurement cycle, tissues were illuminated at 380 nm (13.88 log photons cm−2 s−1) or 500 nm (13.92 log photons cm−2 s−1) for 1.5 minutes, followed by 5-min darkness to reach full aggregation or dispersion.
At lower concentrations of ADP, however, the release of secondary agonists is required to achieve full aggregation, therefore the effect of extracellular calcium on TXA2 production may be more significant, and modulation of ADP-evoked aggregation by [Ca2+]o may result from a combination of both altered ectonucleotidase activity and TXA2 production.
We have duplicated the "E" experiment using 9-tricosene, and the results are now included as new Figure 3F, and new Figure 3 figure supplement 3. We found that flies do track and aggregate to 9-tricosene deposits, but that the aggregation phenotype is not identical to the full aggregation pheromone (compared Figure 3B to Figure 3F).
