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The droplets were closely packed in a two-layer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) platform and were flowed through a narrow straight channel, in which a region of interest (ROI) was defined and continuously recorded by a frame acquisition device.
Overall, the proposed method is divided into four primary steps: (a) frame acquisition and enhancement, (b) segmentation of moving region, (c) feature extraction and fusion, and (d) feature selection and action recognition.
Nevertheless, the raster scanning protocol, where the sample beam continuously moves during a frame acquisition period, is known to be subject to severe degradation in Doppler phase stability unless accompanied by high oversampling [ 22, 23].
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Previously to the Pt deposition, the surface of one device was exposed for 20 s to a continuous image acquisition made with a 10-pA FIB current at 25K magnification, while the other one was exposed only to a single frame acquisition with a scanning speed of 100 μs at the same image condition, limiting the dose to the lower value possible for the device fabrication.
b Voltages applied to the X and Y scan coils over the time for a single frame acquisition.
The detection of both fast-flow and slow-flow information in a single frame acquisition was proven to be useful for enhancing the visualization of the retinal capillary network in a flow segmentation application.
About the same time, Grulkowski et al. proposed several lateral scan protocols for achieving both fast-flow and slow-flow detections in a single frame acquisition implemented in their own technology called STdOCT [ 18].
Importantly, the relatively low laser intensities (∼1 to 80 kW/cm in a laser scanning configuration in which every point of the sample is illuminated for only a fraction of the frame acquisition time) needed to switch off the fluorescence mean that this approach exposes samples to the lowest radiation doses of all the nanoscopy techniques demonstrated to date.
The technique required a tremendous amount of acquired spectra for each frame acquisition, which however was compensated by an ultrahigh speed spectrometer utilizing a high speed Complementary Metal-Oxide SemiCMOSucameraCMOS) camera (i.e. 200 kHz line-rate).
Taking advantage of the fast frame acquisition rate of HS-AFM, A-ATP synthase c-rings were observed in the lipid bilayer regions at the edges of bR 2D lattices.
The prime factors determining the decoding delay are the frame acquisition period t F, the time tSI to generate a side information frame, the transmission time (time-of-flight) tTOF between encoder and decoder, and the LDPC soft-input soft-output decoding time, denoted by tSISO.
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