14While for most states this omission makes little difference, for those few states with large revenues from mineral taxation (severance taxes) or high levels of tourism, the disparity between average tax burdens as measured by the ITEP and tax collections as a fraction of state personal income could be substantial.
Gun laws in those states already have been challenged under these state constitutional provisions and, as Professor Adam Winkler of UCLA Law School writes, "only a fraction of state gun laws have been invalidated on the basis of the right to bear arms since World War II".
These preliminary filings can be wildly misleading, not least because they represent a fraction of the states.
"Most states are processing unemployment insurance claims on outdated computer systems originally developed in the 1970s to handle a fraction of the state's current claim loads," said Tom Whitaker, president of the National Assn. of State Workforce Agencies, at a congressional hearing last week.
Welcome as the money is, it is a fraction of what state officials say is needed: They have identified more than $1 billion of required rehabilitation across the state's 213 parks and historic sites, which drew 58 million visitors last year.
That would cover only a fraction of the state's roadway construction needs.
But those elected officials make up a fraction of the state's upper management.
During the last fiscal year, Michigan collected some $3.7 million from 294 prisoners, who account for just a fraction of the state's nearly 40,000 inmates.
But he and others said the money has been poorly spent, and in any case it amounts to only a fraction of the state's debt.
Sam Lau, the Iowa Democratic party spokesman, noted that the coin tosses were used to determine county convention delegates, which make up only a fraction of the state delegates awarded to candidates.
