In practice, only a fraction of the network nodes are equipped with optical splitters.
While such traffic may constitute only a fraction of the network usage, the economic impact would be significant.
And, even if Verizon spent $200 million in just New York, and in just one year, it would still be a fraction of the network costs that have been allocated against the copper-based local phone service revenues.
The periodic modulation mimics the synchronization of spike bursts with LFPs, whereas stimulating only a fraction of the network mimics the reduction of synaptic input owing to the effect of ketamine and xylazine.
Hence, it is clear that we only know a fraction of the network.
In Figure 9, the activation and inhibition relationships that occur in all 901 networks are indicated by solid arrows, while the relationships that occur in a fraction of the networks are indicated by dashed arrows.
In fact, the cost of expanded basic cable, the most popular service, has risen 3.4 times faster than inflation from 1995 to 2009, according to a 2011 report by the F.C.C. (The number of channels in cable plans has also gone up during that time, but most consumers watch only a fraction of the networks to which they have access).
In reference [21], it was shown that the network can be pinned to a homogeneous state by applying adaptive feedback control actions to a small fraction of network nodes.
Yes, the audience watching any one channel now is a small fraction of network audiences 15 years ago.
Our strategy is to apply impulsive control to a small fraction of network nodes.
