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The covariate was added in a stepwise manner with a forward criterion of P < 0.05 and a backward criterion of P < 0.001.
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In order to identify the independent risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome, the variables that are not part of the criteria for the syndrome were selected from a forward selection criterion by sequentially including variables in the logistic regression model until none were significant at the 0.2 level.
All adjusted models were constructed using the forward variable selection method and a forward selection criterion for model fit of P =0.1 was used.
A multivariable Cox regression analysis was then performed using a forward stepwise selection method, criteria for entry 0.05 and for removal 0.10.
The DFA was performed on the two stable isotopes (δC and δN) and the six trace elements (hepatic Zn, Cu, Fe, Se, Hg, and renal Cd) using a forward stepwise procedure and a criterion of p = 0.05 and p = 0.10 respectively to add and remove variables from the analysis.
Univariate Cox proportionate hazards modelling was performed using an unadjusted model for each covariate, and we then constructed a multivariate model using a forward elimination method and entry criteria of p≤0.05.
The variables were added into the logistic regression models in a forward stepwise manner with inclusion criteria of p < 0.4 to enter the model and of p < 0.2 to remain in the final model.
In order to reduce the ratio of variables to participants, only measures that showed significant adjusted associations with self-rated health (Table 3) were entered into the model in a forward stepwise conditional procedure with criteria or variable entry being p < 0.1.
Initial model development included entry of variables into a forward stepwise model, with the probability criterion for entry set at 0.05 and exit at 0.10.
The two methods being compared, SPC and PLS, do not have straight-forward criteria to determine the number of latent factors.
The criteria of selection of variables for the estimation of multivariable models will be a Forward-Stepwise with the criteria of input of p < 0.05 and a criteria of output of p > 0.10.
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