We accomplished the former requirement by constructing a custom uniaxial stretching device that can be mounted on an upright epifluorescence microscope and can deform living adherent cells to strains as high as 160%.
In a later review article, she dropped her former requirement that, in order for species to be units of selection, they must possess species-level adaptations (1989).
The former requirement is met by a mitochondrial volume fraction of BAT of approximately 30% [54], and the latter by the unique presence of UCP1 at high levels in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
The former requirement, namely the approximate shape invariance of FDG input curves after bolus injection, on the other hand, is well known to be reasonably well fulfilled.
As opposed to the former requirement of keeping the preheating burners for the ladles on for 24 h a day to maintain the ladle temperature, the new lining allows preheating of the ladle for only 2.5 h at the beginning of the work week.
The former requirement is strictly related to technical features of the system and its design, the latter one is more related to human perception and the capability to acquire correctly a piece of information and to react properly in the limited time interval allowed by the impending events.
The former requirement is waived when removing non-core reactions whose associated genes are not expressed in any tissue samples.
The former requirement is likely to be achieved in species where the genome sequence is available, but the latter will be challenging.
The most recent version from 2011 has done away with many former requirements, like the "real-life test" of first living publicly for a specific amount of time in your identified gender before obtaining medication and surgery.
Former requirements for legitimate teaching of design are called into question along with the vague classification and understanding of research generally, or in relation to design specifically.
