The phrase "a formal contractual" is not correct as it is incomplete.
It can be used when referring to a type of agreement or obligation that is legally binding, but it needs to be followed by a noun to be complete.
Example: "We need to establish a formal contractual agreement before proceeding with the project."
Alternatives: "a formal agreement" or "a formal contract".
Particularistic hiring and patriarchal leadership create an atmosphere that obscures exploitation, changes workers' perceptions about distributive justice and fair treatment, and transforms a formal contractual relation into a premodern, feudalist dependency with certain obligations and entitlements, eventually inducing commitment and compliance from employees (Chen 2011; Tong 2005).
To reimburse any clinic for actual time and efforts spent on recruitment, we would have needed a formal contractual agreement.
Establishing a formal contractual agreement would have been a major administrative effort, necessitating involvement of the funding agency and institutions managing the funds.
A breach of the psychological contract may thus not be a violation of the formal contractual regulations of employment, but may cause an experience of dissatisfaction.
But that policy in turn pushes the organization toward a core/periphery model, one that can, if practitioners are not careful, degenerate into a set of purely formal contractual relationships with all the outsiders.
Given the point made above that collaborations between industrial scientists and external agencies tended to involve formal contractual arrangements as a matter of course this might seem improbable.
As the pharmaceutical industry is global, we have used for the analysis of the transactional activity of big pharmaceutical companies a comprehensive proprietary dataset that encompasses information about alliances, or formal contractual agreements, in the pharmaceutical industry worldwide.
In practice though industry collaborators manage this tension both by relying on formal contractual arrangements with public sector partners and by segregating a 'core' element of work related to existing business areas from an 'exploratory' domain of emerging but unconsolidated research interests, with academic collaborations largely restricted to the latter domain.
The results show the following: First, when the opportunity costs are less than the environmental benefits, some middle and high income developing countries are sufficiently incentivized to conserve forests, even without formal contractual PES scheme.
This structure of formal contractual governance mechanisms allowed the relational mechanisms of the research network to flourish.
Not surprisingly, he'd like to see clearer rules about what is and is not allowed, as well as more formal, contractual partnerships between Facebook and app developers.
