Vasoconstrictors include endothelin-1, angiotensin II (ANG-II), and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) [ 11]. 'Endothelial dysfunction' is a widely used term to describe any form of abnormal functional and reversible alteration of endothelial cells, leading to a shift of the actions of the endothelium toward reduced vasodilation, proinflammatory state, and proliferative and prothrombotic properties [ 12].
Barbering the plucking of fur or whiskers from cagemates or oneself is a common form of abnormal repetitive behavior in laboratory mice.
Several proposed theories for its aetiology exist, including a form of viral myocarditis, an abnormal immune response to pregnancy, an abnormal response to hameodynamic stress of pregnancy, increased myocyte apoptosis, cytokine mediated myocardial inflammation, malnutrition, genetic factors, excessive prolactin production, abnormal hormone function and increased adrenergic tone [35].
Green or yellow pus and red, dark red or black discharge are all forms of abnormal discharge.
A rare combined immunodeficiency disorder, referred to as WHIM syndrome, is characterized by disseminated human papillomavirus-induced warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent bacterial infections (immunodeficiency), and myelokathexis, a form of neutropenia caused by an abnormal retention (i.e., kathexis in old Greek) of mature neutrophils in the bone marrow.
In cancer cells, where p53 alleles are often mutated, decrease in apoptosis can be compensated by the process of mitotic catastrophe, a form of cell death resulting from abnormal mitosis and leading to the formation of cells with multiple micronuclei (MN) (Roninson et al, 2001).
Both the aorta and the pulmonary artery may originate from the right ventricle; this form of abnormal origin of the arteries usually is associated with a ventricular septal defect and, on occasion, pulmonary stenosis.
Cancers, the most important form of abnormal growth and behaviour, were responsible for approximately 538,000 deaths, or almost one-fourth of all deaths, in the United States in 1994.
Dr Pierre Sabouret, the project's lead researcher and cardiologist from Heart Institute-Pitie Salpetriere Hospital in Paris, said that GPs and cardiologists were frequently overlooking, or sometimes slow to diagnose, the most common form of abnormal cardiac rhythm in women, increasing the patient's risk of heart attack and death.
