This method severely limits kinetic studies of acute stress responses on flies, since, within a few hours, large fluctuations in the quantity of ingested food are observed in batches of flies transferred to a new medium.
During glaciation, rivers of the latter kind developed braided-channel patterns in response to the input of large quantities of sediment derived from the melting glaciers and subglacial waters and to the large fluctuations in the quantity of water flowing at any one time, which varied because of seasonal and diurnal controls on the generation of meltwater.
We have discussed mechanisms for the first two of these; the third, background noise, represents small fluctuations in the quantity of nonspecific molecules (background) from nucleus to nucleus.
Figure 4 shows the plot of the fluctuation of the quantity of particles (sample size) against time.
Some writers have ascribed economic fluctuations to the quantity of money in circulation.
In systems like this, vegetation phenology plays a governing role in terrestrial herbivore ecology by determining temporal fluctuations in the quantity and quality of forage.
Dairy cows grazed on pasture are likely to experience seasonal fluctuations in both the quantity and quality of forage available.
The quantity of coenzyme NAD follows circadian fluctuations, which results in the regulation of SIRT1 in a circadian manner [ 20].
However this procedure is likely to produce biased results, since any fluctuation in the determination of the starting quantities for the calibrator line would affect the copy number for all the other lines.
Chief among these constraints is the fluctuation in quantity and quality of feed due to growing conditions that only support seasonal growth of grasses in rangelands.
where u i is the component of flow velocity; g i, the component of the external force per unit volume (vector representation is g); p, the pressure; ρ, the density of the fluid; ν, the dynamic viscosity; F, the fluid-filling ratio of the void in a cell; −, the Reynolds averaging quantity; and, the fluctuation in the Reynolds averaging quantity.
