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We analyze whether the degree of information asymmetry associated with a firm affects the choice between the different alternative sources of short-term private debt financing, i.e., bank debt and trade credit.
Overall, results indicate that in assessing how information released by a firm affects the stock market valuation of its earnings, it is important to control for the endogeneity between a firm's decision to disclose information, its exposure to media and its stock market value.
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We assess the impact of the novel approach by applying it in two cases, at a governmental agency (German Environmental Ministry) and a firm affected by disruptive change (Bosch, leading global supplier of technology and solutions).
In an option transaction, a firm affected by weather pays a premium to a risk taker, which assumes the risk, defined in terms of a weather element, posed by adverse weather.
In this model there are three channels through which regulation (setting minimum wages and making a transfer to the firm) affects welfare.
A 2007 law had removed the requirement that a non-organized firm affected by extension orders must give its consent.
Besides, the precedent would mean astronomical costs to compensate every firm affected by Brexit.
In a similar vein, the resource based view (RBV) theory suggests that the resources of the firm affect its activities and growth, profits and the level of sustained competitive advantage (Barney, 1991).
How has the manufacturing and technological capacity of the recipient firm affected the development of the transfer arrangements?
Culture of a firm strongly affects and inherently connects to its strategy and implementation.
We explore not only how technological leaders and laggards react to agglomeration, but within an agglomeration we look at how the relative presence of other leaders, laggards and foreign firms affects these firms.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com