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Exact(3)
He thus denies that a necessary condition of x's having a final cause is x's being designed.
When a final cause is identified, the causal power involved is always the efficient causal power of some agent with a purpose in mind.
Final causes, however, are problematic: a final cause is an end or a purpose, and, whereas it is clear that rational agents act for the sake of ends, it is not clear that much else does.
Similar(56)
The idea of aim must then be (aporetically) shifted from the level of movement to that of being: the final cause is not a cause of movement but the same efficient cause that makes things exist (mūǧid).
The absolute final cause is described by 'Abd al-Latif in a typical Avicennian phrase as the Pure Being (al-wujud al-mujarrad), the aim of everything, and the First mover immobile, eternal and everlasting, i.e., the First Principle whose knowledge is the end of our inquiry.
Santayana's inattentiveness to social inequality is perhaps understandable in the context of his naturalism where the final cause is the "authority of things".
The efficient cause here is the actual oak tree that produced the acorn; the formal cause is the logos defining that actuality; the final cause is the telos toward which the acorn develops an actual (mature) oak tree.
This final cause is named the Haptic Void.
They shared a view of epidemic diseases: the final cause was God's anger over his human subjects' sins, and epidemic disease was His punishment.
His final cause was to end the two-party system, which he believed stifled real choice.
Avicenna's account of the priority of the final cause was influential in the Latin West, where it was taken by some to support the view that the scope of final causation be restricted to agents with cognitive powers (Maier 1955).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com