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Their analysis suggests that the magnetic field amplitude of an Alfvén wave incident in the shock-upstream region is enhanced by a factor of unity or three, depending on the sense of wave propagation in the upstream and downstream region with respect to the shock normal direction and that the amplification of a fast magnetosonic wave is about a factor of four.
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Factor of safety was defined as the maximum reinforcement force available divided by the force required for stability to give a factor of safety of unity.
A factor of safety of unity theoretically means that the failure mass is on the verge of sliding [22].
For X-rays and gamma-rays, we assume a quality factor of unity; hence, 1 mGy = 1 mSv.
If the average QP in the frame is 27, then the ratio is 1.1, an increase by a factor of 1.1 from unity.
Frictional losses in the pumping unit structure are neglected, i.e., a torque efficiency factor of unity is used.
This calculation model uses the torque factor concept with the following basic assumptions Frictional losses in the pumping unit structure are neglected, i.e., a torque efficiency factor of unity is used.
Simulation results show that the DC gain of the two-stage OTA with enhanced composite-transistor is increased by a factor of 17 dB, the unity-gain bandwidth of the OTA with the proposed pseudo-cascode compensation technique improved 18%, the phase-margin of the OTA is increased by 33%, and it is maintained over a factor of 300 (from 5 to 1500 nA) scaling in its bias current.
Similarly, the relative reduction in boundary mass flux varied between unity and a factor of two at the termination of treatment, but at 10 years ranged from a 10-fold reduction to adverse impacts.
As constant band intensity persists even though the band position shifts so the maximum band intensity at ω L, T is normalized to be unity by a factor of FWHM/2, without affecting its other band parameters.
The RfD published by the EPA for fluoride is 0.06 mg/kg-day and is based on the no observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) of 0.06 mg/kg-day and uncertainty and modifying factors of unity (U.S. EPA 2003).
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