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First, we estimated the expected number of autosome-to-autosome (A → A) duplications, ancestral X-to-autosome (X → A) duplications, and autosome-to-ancestral X (A → X) duplications.
First, we determined the frequency of duplicated segments for (a) duplications within the complex region, (b) duplications between the complex region and other regions in the same chromosome, and (c) duplications between the complex region and other regions in different chromosomes.
There is an excess of neo-X → A duplicated genes with dS < 0.3 relative to X → A duplications in the D. pseudoobscura genome (P < 0.05, F.E.T).
In comparison, none of the 32 X → A duplicated or relocated genes in D. pseudoobscura have homologs that are X → A duplications or relocations in D. willistoni.
Of the 50 genes which were either neo-X → A duplications or relocations along the D. pseudoobscura lineage (combining all methods of identifying duplicated genes), nine have a homolog that is a neo-X → A duplicated or relocated gene in the D. willistoni genome.
The median synonymous divergence between neo-X → A duplications is significantly less than that of X → A duplications (P < 0.01, Mann Whitney test) (fig. 5).
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Further analysis of tandem duplicated genes revealed a duplication block containing the three EUL genes on chromosome 7 (Fig. 1a).
A duplication of his 2008 season would satisfy them.
"I've never seen such a duplication of prospect doors," Mr. Garrett said.
It turns out to be practically a duplication of "The Thin Man".
Recreating Haw's protest is itself a kind of reversal, as well as a duplication.
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