The current implementation does not incorporate a double-stance phase during feedback assignment, which will be addressed in a future study.
Full-length double stance A-P X-ray is mandatory to evaluate femorotibial alignment, as described by Moreland et al.
If physical examination reveals none of the aforementioned features, the patient should get full-length double stance A-P X-rays of both legs.
Older individuals typically walk at slower speeds, with shorter step lengths, greater step widths and spend a larger proportion of the gait cycle in double stance.
In young adults, combined neck and trunk bracing led to reduced walking speed, shorter step length, wider base of support and a larger proportion of the gait cycle spent in double stance (p's < 0.05).
Step frequency (steps per second) and single and double stance duration (expressed in seconds or as a percentage of the gait cycle), were calculated.
Preswing was defined as the period of double stance between contralateral foot down and ipsilateral foot off.
Gait characteristics at NWS (step, stride, stance and percentage of the initial and terminal double stance) were not different between the groups (Table 1).
We found that a decrease in velocity (gait hypokinesia) and abnormal gait, as evidenced by impaired inter-limb coordination and increased double stance were the main features altered in response to α-syn over-expression.
The area of COP in the healthy limb was significantly correlated with durations of the stance and swing phases and in the affected limb it was significantly correlated with the single stance duration and double stance onset.
In stroke patients, the lengths of steps and strides are typically different between healthy and affected limbs, and the length of the gait cycle increases, the stance time increases, the duration of the swing phase decreases, the duration of the double stance increases, cadence and velocity decrease [ 11, 16, 20, 36– 40], and stride width increases [ 41].
