Sentence examples for a double modification from inspiring English sources
We examine two generic cases of signalling through post-translational modifications - one involving only single reversible modifications of the substrates, and the other involving a double modification of one substrate.
Assuming that the transmembrane region adopts an α-helix-like conformation, this double modification would yield a TA protein with two PEG-5000 molextendingtending from opposite sides of the polypeptide chain.
Inspection of the pattern obtained for H3K9me3/S10ph revealed a strong enrichment for the double modification on repressed genes in differentiated cells (defined by average positive log2 IP/input ratio).
It should be noted that bone marrow plasma cells, which have been shown to be long-lived (Calame, 2006), showed a strong staining for the double modification in all the cells analysed.
Our data indicate that the single H3K9me3 modification is converted by the Aurora B kinase into a double H3K9me3/S10ph modification on a proportion of nucleosomes at repressed genes.
In the activated B-cell cultures, 27% of the cells showed a strong punctate staining for the double modification.
Staining of the undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells showed a strong punctate staining for the double modification in 23% of the cells.
In particular, the plasma cells showed a much higher global level of the double modification than activated B cells.
The double modification has been proposed to be a marker of M phase (Fischle et al, 2005), but it has not been shown previously to be involved in modulating chromatin structure outside mitosis.
A striking feature of the pattern of enrichment of the double modification was that it appears to define domains that can extend across several adjacent repressed genes.
This overview clearly reveals its remarkable versatility involving modular synthesis and double modification of polymers: thiolactones can be opened by a wide variety of functional amines and the released thiol can react with thiol 'scavengers' of choice.
