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Each subject was paired with a dominant individual, with dominance determined by three trials of a food competition test over banana halves before the test sessions began.
While combat dance (see below) certainly establishes a dominant individual temporarily, there is no indication that awareness of this dominance is retained by either snake.
"There is absolutely no doubt there is a dominant faction, there is a dominant individual inside that faction, and that individual is a lobbyist," Abbott told the Four Corners program.
Species like chimps and gorillas do have social structures and hierarchies with a dominant individual at the top, typically a male who has achieved that positon via displays of strength and physical prowess.
All the shopping in the world may be meaningless if, as the court inferred in Zhongpin, a dominant individual apparently critical to the company's fortune is unwilling to be part of the process except as a buyer.
Although this might be expected of a dominant individual within a hierarchy, it poses the question of whether simply throwing his weight around is the single most important tactic for Greg to stay on top.
Similar(36)
To disentangle the potential effects of reproductive status and social rank on ageing, we excluded breeders from analysis and assigned each non-breeder to one of two groups: a) "dominant" individuals that attained maturity when no dominant siblings were present; and b) "subdominant" individuals that attained maturity when one or more dominant siblings were present.
Weak corporate governance at Green's Taveta group, which was run as a "personal fiefdom by a single dominant individual", according to MPs, meant there was little independent oversight or challenge to decisions.
Inevitably there's a trunk-to-mouth greeting between a subordinate and dominant individual — an act somewhere between a handshake and salute — and a displacement event of a subordinate from the best drinking position.
This didn't have any obvious effect on the number of interactions seen in this study, potentially because horses did not begin to move and interact until a relatively dominant individual had finished feeding from its initial bucket.
We found that in both species, males showed an anticipatory decrease (relative to baseline) in steroids when placed with a partner in a situation in which the two individuals shared food, and an anticipatory increase when placed with a partner in a situation in which the dominant individual obtained more food.
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