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It is also a limitation that the findings presented in this study may not be uniformly true for a wide variety of cancer cells, considering a divergent function of TGF- β1 in modulating the malignant phenotype of cancer cells (Desruisseau et al, 1996; Tuxhorn et al, 2002).
While C. dubliniensis crz1/crz1, crz2/crz2, and crz1/ crz1 crz2/ crz2 double mutants grew similarly to wild-type in the presence of TM, the C. albicans crz1/crz1 mutant exhibited attenuated growth that was intermediate between wild-type and calcineurin mutants (Figs. 1 and 2), indicating a divergent function of Crz1 in ER stress responses in both Candida species.
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However, down-regulation of TaGW2 through RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in decreased grain size and TGW in wheat [[ 20]], suggesting that TaGW2 is a positive regulator of grain size with a divergent function to that of rice OsGW2.
This also indicated that SDH Class II members may not be essential for the normal growth of plants, suggesting a divergent function for this class of SDH genes.
The differences in post-translational modifications might play important roles in divergent function of the new isoform.
Such duplication might result in split or divergent function of the gene (Yamamoto and Vernier, 2011).
Some Myb transcription factors were down-regulated under severe N stress, including two Myb factors (At1g25550 and At1g68670), and some were up-regulated (PAP1 and PAP2), indicating the divergent function of individual members within this transcription factor gene family.
Hypothetically, a similar effect using divergent functions of different HLA class I alleles in immune escape might be operational in NPC explaining the observed differential regulation of HLA class I subtypes.
From a research standpoint, we have to keep in mind the importance of investigating the divergent functions of MAPK pathway components in tumorigenesis and tumor progression of various cancers.
These seemingly non-paralogous loci, together with the divergent functions of the T6SS suggests that this secretory system could influence a variety of interactions within a single species, with various hosts, and/or with other bacteria occupying the same niche [ 3].
Divergent functions of the duplicated genes might help permanent preservation of the genes.
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