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Each problem presents a topographic map and requires either a discrete response (e.g., "Which elevation profile matches the cross-section of the line AB?") or an open-ended response (e.g., "Imagine there is a stream that connects the circle and the square. Please draw the path you believe the stream would follow").
In our dataset, fitness pleiotropy is a discrete response variable.
Conditional likelihoods generalize the restricted maximum likelihood estimation for a discrete response by conditioning on the sum of the read counts per class and improve the statistical properties of dispersion estimates.
When an individual is asked to self-rate his health with a discrete response on an ordinal scale, the response is analyzed with the assumption that it represents his 'true' health measured on an underlying latent interval scale.
The melanoma cells from the culture conditions, B16F10/Mϕ and B16F10/Ly, were smaller, indicating a discrete response of the melanoma monolayer to macrophages and lymphocytes (Fig 1E – 1E).
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Productivity losses were analyzed with a probit model, a type of discrete response model in which the variable of interest is a binary variable that takes a value of 0 if there is no productivity loss, and a value of 1 if there is productivity loss.
Based on an analysis of the discrete response spectra, it is possible to discuss the validation of the measured impedance data.
Typically, a decision tree is created in case of discrete response attribute, while a regression tree is developed if the response attribute is continuous [41].
For binary response variables we used GLM with a binomial error distribution, and for discrete response variables (counts) we used GLM with a Poisson distribution controlled for overdispersion [56].
Hence the discrete response for a person who died during the third year following diagnosis would be (0, 0, 1), whereas it would be (0, 0, 0) if an individual was censored that year.
Starting with the first clinical trials of chemotherapy for solid tumors in the 1960s, an international consensus slowly emerged around a basic response assessment paradigm using discrete response categories (complete response, partial response, stable disease, progressive disease) defined by objective measurement rather than subjective perception.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com