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However, the association study was a "discovery" study - to be followed by functional genomics validation.
As this was a discovery study testing several textural features on small group of patients, we felt that two histologically distinct groups were necessary for algorithm generation.
Second, due to etiologic heterogeneity, SNPs identified in a discovery study and confirmed in a replication study are frequently not those most strongly associated with the disease (14, 15).
While this approach might be applicable for a discovery study with a small sample size (e.g. N = 3 pairs), it possesses no concept of statistical significance for generalized inference.
We recently analyzed hundreds of human plasma samples in a discovery study of lung cancer biomarkers [ 6], using immunoaffinity-based protein depletion coupled with MRM-MS (depletion-MRM-MS).
First, we mirrored a discovery study, consisting of twelve 2 × 2 contingency tables, each comparing the number of case and control births in 1 month with the number in the other 11, and with significance declared if the Pearson chi-square test was significant after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05/12 = 0.0042).
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The primary aim of this study was to identify candidate 5FU resistance markers in rectal tumours, in a pilot discovery study using a transcriptome-wide approach and to validate key candidate/s that may have mechanistic relevance in a larger cohort.
In the future we intend to move this work towards a statistically powered discovery study that will analyze a much larger cohort with healthy control subjects, to capture significant biological variance in antibody levels that correlate with clinically relevant outcomes.
Five miRNA candidates were selected (miR-30c, −146a, −221, −328, and −375) from a miRNA biomarker discovery study following the profiling of pooled serum samples from a cohort of no-HF patients, HFpEF patients, and HFrEF patients.
For example, a single drug discovery study may include experiments conducted by synthetic chemists, x-ray crystallographers, cell biologists, and behavioral pharmacologists.
A recent gene discovery study performed in the testis of Drosophila melanogaster found that 47% of greater than 1500 sequenced cDNAs did not match to ESTs previously identified in this organism [ 19].
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