The phrase "a direct causality" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when discussing a clear and straightforward cause-and-effect relationship between two events or phenomena.
Example: "The study aimed to establish a direct causality between air pollution and respiratory diseases."
Alternatives: "a clear cause-and-effect relationship" or "a straightforward causation".
We never said there is a direct causality".
Moreover, prey densities tended to explain carnivore patch preferences even when statistically controlling for the effect of habitat type (edge vs. interior habitats), suggesting a direct causality between carnivore habitat preferences and actual prey density.
While it is very difficult to assign a direct causality to the benign effect of scenarios, Trevor Manuel, the Minister of Finance in South Africa and a Mont-Fleur participant, credited the process with playing a significant role in the country's economic and political transition.
A direct causality seems obvious and is described in literature but is not yet proven.
Additional support for this notion is provided by the demonstration of a direct causality link between overexpression of cell cycle mediators and neuronal death.
First, it is not possible to determine a direct causality between the HIV program and the increase in the volume of other health services, since this is a retrospective study based on routinely collated health center data.
Which is why, for example, climatologists, who have actually studied the data and know how to interpret it, tend to carefully hedge their claims, declining to assert any direct causality or make predictions, whereas professional obfuscators will confidently assure you that global warming is a lot of alarmist hooey.
Lastly, even though we used a longitudinal design, direct causality cannot be inferred from the associations that we have demonstrated.
Therefore, the observed relationships between OA pain and productivity should be considered associative rather than causal, since direct causality cannot be inferred regarding the OA pain as a source of lost productivity, especially given that workers with OA pain were characterized by a significantly greater comorbidity burden than workers without OA pain.
Similarly, the cross-sectional study design cannot specifically address whether elevated MPTF expression in HCV are mediators of a disease process contributing to liver fibrosis or increased cardiovascular risk or simply a consequence of enhanced global inflammation associated a persistent viral infection without direct causality.
Part of the difficulty lies in the application of the concept of direct causality before selecting all the causal variables of interest for a specific patient.
