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Since ethanol prices presented an approximately normal distribution, its standard deviation was calculated and a variation equivalent to one standard deviation (20.5%) was used for the sensitivity analysis.
Cutoffs rely on 1.4826 times the median absolute deviation (MAD = median[abs(X – median[ X])]) such that they define a margin equivalent to one standard deviation from the median.
An effect size of one indicates a change in magnitude equivalent to one standard deviation.
An effect size of one indicates a clinically meaningful change in magnitude equivalent to one standard deviation (SD).
Error bars show ± one standard deviations.
A low level was defined as more than one standard deviation below the mean obtained in the study sample (X = 118.6), a moderate level corresponded to one standard deviation (SD = 15.5) either side of the mean, and a high level was equivalent to more than one standard deviation above the mean.
Each mean difference was standardized by its extracted SD, meaning a standardized mean difference of 0.5 is a mean difference equivalent to 0.5 (half) of a standard deviation.
Uncertainty range is equivalent to ±0.674 standard deviations of the mean.
In both cases, the value is 1/2 the standard deviation, equivalent to a 7 point difference in score.
In both cases, the value is at least half the standard deviation, equivalent to a 4-point difference in score.
The original sample size of 176 per group was chosen to give 80% power (α=0.05) to detect a difference of 0.3 of one standard deviation (equivalent to 7 points) in the REFLUX questionnaire score.
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