The phrase "a deviation which is" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when discussing a departure from a standard, norm, or expected behavior in various contexts, such as scientific, technical, or analytical writing.
Example: "The study revealed a deviation which is significant enough to warrant further investigation into the underlying causes."
Alternatives: "a variation that is" or "a divergence that is".
Only 26 of 2187 preselected simulations (1.18%) had a deviation which was larger than 20%, while the average deviation of all simulations was 3.3%.
Hence, such a dataset constitutes a random draw from a population realizing the alternative hypothesis fixed at a model deviation, which is constituted by the item parameter differences of the (hat {boldsymbol {beta }}^{(j)}).
Each value in the Tables 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 has a standard deviation, which is the result of the error approximation using the bootstrapping approach.
Figure 16 shows results for the second situation evaluated Gaussian distributed network delays, with delays having a standard deviation which is 20% of the mean values which are 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0s respectively.
It has been argued that the amount of bias expressed by study participants is offset by the fact that in answering the questions each participant exhibits a standard deviation which is comparable to, or greater than participant's individual mean (i.e., an optimistic panellist is pessimistic in some of his/her responses, and vice versa) [ 26].
Hopkins [ 37] and Atkinson and Nevill [ 38] explained that the standard error of the mean or measurement (SEM) has been known as a within-participant deviation, which is substantially related to the "true" mean value.
Standardized residual is used to describe the division of a residual by an estimate of its standard deviation, which is a useful method to find the hidden structures in the data (Huisman et al. 1993; Mohammadi et al. 2012).
We will consider a difference of 0.5 standard deviation, which is equal to a moderate effect size [ 29], clinically relevant.
The regularisation is built on the observation that the expectation of the state transition error generally depends on a number of terms, among others the sensitivity deviation which is a difference in the sensitivities of the original and the inferred networks.
(ii) The standard deviation which is a measure for how much the frequencies in a spectrum can deviate from the centre of gravity.
