However, growth environment was not related to diabetes in men or women, although environmental change during growth to a more developed environment was associated with a non-significantly higher risk of diabetes.
Rather than being entirely an intrinsic sex-specific property, increased risk of IHD in men compared to women may be associated with growing up in an economically developed environment, thus providing a socio-biological explanation for the secular trends and sex differences in IHD seen with economic development.
However, it is not known whether these sex-specific pubertal changes are a universal environmentally independent feature of growth and development or an epidemiologically stage specific product of growth in an economically developed environment.
Furthermore, a higher socioeconomic status has been associated with a higher risk of death from IHD, 26 and growing up in an economically developed environment increased the risk of IHD more among men than women.
He gets caught up in the conflict between wildlife habitat and an increasingly developed environment as, teetering between crisis and farce, he tries to piece together the puzzle of his own life.
Hong Kong Chinese are mainly first or second generation migrants from China, who have shared an economically developed environment for years, but grew up in very different environments in Hong Kong or contemporaneously undeveloped Guangdong, China.
On the other hand, that higher levels of some risk factors were seen in the group who migrated from a pre-industrial environment to a relatively more developed environment during growth, might be consistent with accelerated or 'catch-up' growth increasing cardiovascular risk [60], [61].
In contrast, women who had grown up in a relatively more economically developed environment had a more feminine shape and more favourable lipids than women who had grown up in a pre-industrial environment.
Men, who had grown up in a relatively more economically developed environment (i.e. Hong Kong) had a more male shape and less favourable lipids than men who had grown up in a pre-industrial environment (economically undeveloped Guangdong).
In this context, the perspectives of architecture and urbanism studies should be developed on a transdisciplinary platform, which is an imperative for the development of humane, compact, sound, sustainable developed environment.
